Altai Mountains to the northwest to the southeast toward the west from West Siberia, Altay Prefecture, east to Mongolia, stretching about 2,000 km. Jun Qiao Wei in the mountains of rock, there are more than 2000-3000 years ago in ancient rock paintings left by nomads. Ji Munai from the county, Habahe County until Altay Most of the eastern part of the Green River County, has almost every rock in the mountains. Therefore, this mountain range known as the "journey of a thousand miles Altay Rock Hill corridor."
Geological geological structure on a tank in Altay fold belt. Hill first appeared in the Caledonian movement, the SP to form the basic outline of the end of the West, since the mountain was Yi later this plain; Himalayan mountain so that the movement followed the North West to the fracture displacement occurred block up before the formation of the modern face of Altai.
Geomorphological rounded Altai mountain, a slope widespread moraine stone, U-shaped valley sets of U-shaped valley, cirque ancient layered arrangement, the stone sheep back, side moraine, in the moraine, such as the end moraine-ching Can be seen. Altai how planation surface level, it is generally accepted that there are 4, 2900 were above sea level to 3,000 meters, 2600 ~ 2700 m, 2000 m and 1800 ~ 1400 ~ 1600 meters. The landscape with vertical clear from the high and low: the modern role of snow and ice with an elevation of 320 M to friendship and Kuytun peak to peak, the development of the valley glaciers, glacial cirque, the hanging glaciers. In addition, the Ak Curitiba around the lake, Ake Turku roll with the Arab rolling on the river bank is also the source of modern glaciers; role of the frost belt, 2400 ~ 3200 meters, the ancient terrain Bingshi clear snow up to 8 months to cold Weathering mainly; role in the erosion zone, 1500 ~ 2400 meters in order to cut water-based; denudation dry zone, 1,500 meters below. Kanas integrated natural protected area at the edge of the zone.
Climate Altai Asia stands at the abdomen of drought and desertification in arid and semi-desert Zone, west of the Atlantic circulation brings water vapor, Shun and Kazakhstan Irtysh River valley-zhai in. Sang Valley, north case of Altai, the uplift force of precipitation. With a high degree of precipitation increases from west to east and descending, summer and winter, spring seconds small, low annual precipitation Hill 200 to 300 mm, 600 mm up to the mountains Above; rain than snow, snow and a high degree of time with the increase in extended snow in the mountains for up to 6 to 8 months, Hill is only a low 5 to 6 months; changes in temperature and decrease with height increase. Altay mountain vertical gradient of climate change significantly, with a long winter and short summer is not significant features of the Spring and Autumn.
Wen Altai rich runoff, with the development of the Irtysh River uran Furukawa. Two Rivers are typical pose asymmetric comb water system. Irtysh River in Xinjiang is the only river outflow, the country drainage area 50,000 square kilometers with a total length of 546 kilometers; the main source of water supply for precipitation, snow and glacier melt water , The average runoff of 100 billion cubic meters, accounting for the Altai region 89% of the total runoff into the studio Sang Park, the last into the Arctic Ocean. Uran Furukawa, a tributary of the mountain, lost for the Piedmont area, a total length of 573 km, the final destination in Wulungu Lake (Buluntuohai, Fuhai), in more than two stations, watershed Plot for the 22,000 square kilometers, the source of supply is also the main winter snow, the average runoff 1,100,000,000 cubic meters. Two more upper reaches of the river canyon and fault basin, the largest drop, clear water, with less sand, water reserves of about 500,000 kilowatts, the development and utilization of the current low.
Vegetation and soil 3000 ~ 3500 meters above the vegetation for the type of cushion moss-like plant; for the 2600 ~ 3500 m high mountain - sub-alpine meadow grassland; 1300 ~ 2600 m for the forest steppe zone; 800 to 1300 meters is a shrub steppe; vegetation distribution of the minimum increase from west to east Such as the lower limit of the forest for 12 0 ~ 1900 m, shrub steppe for the lower limit of 500 to 1,500 meters, and desertification is the upper limit of 500 to 1100 meters.
Soil high to low, mainly marsh land ice, alpine meadow soil, sub-alpine meadow soil, the soil of Health Cao Hui, gray forest soil, chernozem, chestnut soil, brown soil, and so on Altai's rich and varied natural resources, there are a variety of mineral resources and good pasture, forest resources, particularly in high-quality timber in the Xinjiang occupies an important position, there are also abundant water resources.
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